彎鰭燕魚 Platax pinnatus

彎鰭燕魚 Platax pinnatus

中文俗名:

蝙蝠魚、鯧仔、圓海燕、飛翼、白鯧(臺東)、圓翅燕魚 。

 

英文俗名:

Pinnate batfish; Pinnate spadefish; Batfish; Dusky batfish; Longfin batfish; Long-finned batfish; Longfinned batfish.

 

形態特徵:

體呈菱形，極側扁；頭部背面眼至吻部間稍凹，眼後至背部間突出；眼間隔寬小於眼徑。吻短而略尖突。口下位；上下頜約等長，下頜具小孔4對；頜齒具三牙尖，以中央牙尖特別長；鋤骨具齒，腭骨無齒。體被小櫛鱗；側線弧形，側線鱗數44-52；背鰭單一，背鰭硬棘與軟條無缺刻，硬棘V或VI，埋於鰭前緣，軟條34-37；臀鰭硬棘III，軟條24-28，背、臀鰭前方鰭條均延長，呈鐮刀狀；腹鰭延長；尾鰭截形或雙凹形。

成魚體灰白色至銀黃色；具一與眼徑約等寬之眼帶；自背鰭起點經胸部至腹鰭起點具一黑橫帶；腹鰭黑色；胸鰭黃色；背鰭、臀鰭與尾鰭中央黃色，末稍黑色。稚魚黑褐色，鰭緣橘色，隨著成長體色漸淡，體側橫帶逐漸明顯。

 

棲所生態:

幼魚主要在淺海區域獨自悠游，並棲息於珊瑚礁或岩礁之中，為了避免被大魚捕食，經常側躺，並將鰭以波浪狀運動，藉以模仿有毒的扁虫來保護自己。成魚則喜歡成群在珊瑚礁外緣活動，晝伏夜出。個性都很「平易近人」，很容易就和潛水者親近。

 

地理分布:

分布於西太平洋區，由日本南部至澳洲。除西部海域外，臺灣各地海域及離島均產。

 

外觀相片(Photo-Platax pinnatus):

 

 

 

Scientific Name:

Platax pinnatus

 

Common Name:

Pinnate batfish; Pinnate spadefish; Batfish; Dusky batfish; Longfin batfish; Long-finned batfish; Longfinned batfish.

 

Characteristic:

Body orbicular and strongly compressed. Large adults with protruding snout, the front head profile distinctly concave. Jaws with bands of slender, flattened, tricuspid teeth, the middle cusp about twice length of lateral cusps; vomer with teeth, but none on palatines. Three or 4 pores on each side of lower jaw. Dorsal fin single, with V or VI spines and 34 to 37 soft rays; anal fin with III spines and 25 to 27 soft rays; juveniles with pelvic fins and anterior soft rays of dorsal and anal fins elongated, but pelvic fins not reaching past vertical at rear end of anal-fin base; pectoral fins shorter than head, with 18 or 19 rays; caudal fin truncate. Scales small and smooth. Lateral line complete, with 44 to 53 scales. Colour in adults yellowish silvery or dusky, with a black bar through eye and another dark bar just behind head; median fins dusky yellow, with black margins posteriorly; pelvic fins black. Small juveniles black, with bright orange margin around median and pelvic fins, continued as a median stripe along front of head from dorsal fin to lips, the rear third of caudal fin clear, preceded by the orange stripe continued along upper and lower edges of fin. Larger juveniles mostly blackish brown, with orange margin around fins, the middle third of body silvery with faint vertical black streaks.

 

Habitats:

Adults are generally solitary and found under overhangs of steep outer reef slopes to a depth of at least 20 m. Juveniles are encountered in mangroves and inner sheltered reefs where they seek shelter in caves or under ledges.

 

Distribution:

Widespread in the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Pacific region from the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan, Taiwan to the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia. It is common in waters around Taiwan.